Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 17، number In Volume 11، February 2025 ، issue Number 105

A methodological investigation of application of Quranic verses and hadiths in Abarqhuhi’s Majma Al-Bahrein

Abbas Fatehi , Morteza Fallah (Author in Charge), Kazem Mohtadiani

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Since the birth of Islam, Persian literature has always benefited from God’s words and the Hadiths of the innocents (pbuh). In the mean time, the literary heritage of Islamic Sufism has provided rich sources of application of Quranic verses and hadiths. One is Majma Al-Bahrein by Shams al-Din Ibrahim Abarquhi (second half of the 7th century and the beginning of the 8th century of Hijri). He wrote Majma Al-Bahrein between 711 and 714 AH. In addition to its literary and historical value, this book is rampant of verses from the Holy Quran and various hadiths, especially the words of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The present essay, in the field of stylistics, focuses on the quality and quantity of their applications in Shams Al-din Ibrahim’s book.

METHODOLOGY: We have obtained the required data of the following research from investigating the library sources and have scrutinized the data using descriptive-analysis method. The research path is that after the necessary introductions, first with a quantitative approach, some frequency measurements resulting from the complete investigation of the book have been carried out. It shows the standing of the verses and hadiths in this book. Then, we have examined the methods of using them in the book.

FINDINGS: Majma Al-Bahrein exploits a lot of verses and hadiths used in borrowing (referenced and non-referenced) and hints methods. Abarqhuhi prefers referenced borrowing over non-referenced ones and hints. He has used borrowing more than a hint. In most cases, only a part of a verse or hadith that provided the author"s opinion appeared in the text. However, sometimes, as needed, he included several verses or hadiths in full and consecutively in his words. He usually mentions verses and hadiths in Arabic. However, sometimes, he uses their Farsi translation. In Majma Al-Bahrein, the dominant method of verbal communication is linking with "that". However, direct links, links with the help of compound simile structures, and quotations are also available in the book. In terms of propositional effectiveness, the most dominant purposes of his use of verses and hadiths are to complete the meaning, emphasize and confirm, bless and trust, explaining and describing, reasoning and justification, simile and allegorical explanation, warning and avoidance and inspiration, exemplification, and citation.

CONCLUSION: As a work in the field of mysticism and Sufism, Majmam al-Bahrein has a prominent link with the divine word and the words of the Prophet (PBUH). With the help of the literary devices of referenced or non-reference borrowing and implication, author has provided a successful management to create an effective text in which, based on a useful form and appropriate verbal connection, he has fulfilled his different purposes from mentioning the verses and hadiths.

Keyword
stylistics , Shams al-Din Ebrahim Abarqhuhi , Majma al-Bahrein , Holy Quran , Hadith

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